Somehow these chemical compounds are still beneficial in terms of use for our daily necessities. However, these two chemical compounds have so many differences that need to be tackled. The elements involved in each compounds are different. Even the uses of each chemical are different.
Their formulations are also different. It is best for you to know the difference between these two through defining and differentiating them. First is ammonia. It is a colorless gas that smells pungent. It is a combination of the elements nitrogen and hydrogen and their formula is NH3. It helps terrestrial organisms by supplying them their needs of food and fertilizers.
When it comes to pharmaceuticals, ammonia is also a significant factor as a building block. Even though it may tend to be hazardous when use in massive amounts. About Anhydrous ammonia is the term coined for commercially used ammonia. This term indicates that this type of ammonia does not have any water in the formula.
This is one of the differences of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide. Ammonium hydroxide is household ammonia in water. One of their major differences is that ammonia does not have water content while ammonium hydroxide has water.
Ammonium hydroxide has water that is why the other terms for it is ammonia with water, ammonia liquor etc. Treatment consists of supportive measures and can include administration of humidified oxygen, bronchodilators and airway management. Ingested ammonia is diluted with milk or water. Laboratory testing for ammonia exposure will not be useful in making emergency treatment decisions. Medical tests that can detect ammonia in blood or urine are available. However, because ammonia is normally found in the body, these test results cannot serve as biomarkers of exposure.
After exposure to low levels, ammonia is either rapidly cleared from the body or metabolized to compounds found endogenously at appreciable levels.
Clinical indices of body ammonia or nitrogen levels after exposure to exogenous ammonia have shown no or minimal change from prior levels. Exposure to high concentrations is immediately and overtly toxic, generally providing an adequate basis for diagnosis. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ToxFAQs for Ammonia. Division of Toxicology, U. Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed May 6, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This fact sheet is based on the most current information.
It may be updated as new information becomes available. Navigation menu. What is ammonia? In pure form, it is known as anhydrous ammonia and is hygroscopic readily absorbs moisture. Ammonia has alkaline properties and is corrosive. Ammonia gas dissolves easily in water to form ammonium hydroxide, a caustic solution and weak base.
Ammonia gas is easily compressed and forms a clear liquid under pressure. The intake for this valve reaches nearly to the bottom of the tank so that liquid ammonia will be withdrawn until the tank is nearly empty.
It contains an excess flow valve preventing anhydrous ammonia from flowing out of the tank too quickly if the nurse tank hose breaks. The excess flow valve has a five-year replacement requirement. The liquid fill valve is used while filling the nurse tank from a bulk storage facility. It has an excess flow valve preventing anhydrous ammonia from flowing back out of the nurse tank if the hose breaks.
This valve has a five-year replacement requirement. The pressure gauge indicates the interior pressure of the nurse tank. This interior pressure is affected by the quantity and temperature of the anhydrous ammonia in the tank. The pressure gauge does not have a time limit to its service life, so it needs to be replaced only when it fails to function properly. The gauge is accurate only if the tank is level.
Do not continue filling the tank after the valve releases liquid anhydrous ammonia. The vapor return valve is used while filling the nurse tank at a bulk storage facility. As liquid anhydrous ammonia is transferred into the nurse tank, the vapor in the nurse tank is transferred to the bulk storage tank. The vapor valve has an excess flow valve which has a five-year replacement requirement.
The excess flow valve prevents release of anhydrous ammonia vapors from the nurse tank if the vapor valve fails. A hydrostatic relief valve should be used anywhere anhydrous ammonia may be trapped in any section of the liquid or vapor lines of the system. The safety relief valve also is known as the pressure-relief valve.
This valve is on top of the tank and prevents excessive pressure from building up in the tank caused by overfilling or expansion from heat. The valve opens directly to the atmosphere when the tank reaches to psi and closes when the interior pressure drops below psi.
It must be replaced every five years if it has nonmetallic seats and tested every five years in lieu of replacement if it has metallic seats. This valve must have a rain cap in place to prevent damage from moisture and corrosion. The safety relief valve is not adjustable and should be replaced if it is inoperable. The rotary gauge mounted on the end of an anhydrous ammonia tank, bulk tank, nurse tank or applicator tank consists of a dip tube inside the tank and a bleeder valve.
This gauge is used to determine the actual level of anhydrous ammonia in the tank. It is accurate only if the tank is level. The indicator shows the liquid level in the tank when the bleeder valve is opened and the knob is rotated to the point where liquid spurts from the bleeder valve. Back-check valves, part of the bulk storage facility, are used to control the direction of flow of anhydrous ammonia when unloading a truck or rail tank car, preventing a backflow from the bulk tank to the truck or rail tank car.
A flow in the wrong direction causes the valve to snap shut. It will open only when the direction of flow is correct. The emergency shut-off valve is another valve not found on a nurse or applicator tank. It also is part of the bulk storage facility used to stop the flow of anhydrous ammonia when the operator of the facility detects an emergency situation and decides to stop the transfer of anhydrous ammonia immediately.
This valve is on the discharge side of the transfer pump. The roll cage protects gauges and valves if the nurse tank rolls over. The roll cage must be strong enough to prevent damage to the gauges and valves. Check the nurse tank running gear to determine if all of the following items are OK. The use of a safety clip on the hitch pin when towing anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks on and off the road is essential to your safety and that of the public.
The safety clip will keep the hitch pin from working out and releasing the nurse tank. Always attach safety chains when towing anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks on public roads.
Safety chains are required by North Dakota law. The chains help ensure that the vehicle towing the nurse tank will remain in control of the nurse tank if the hitch pin fails. Check the air pressure in the tires each time the nurse tank is used and inspect them for cuts, bruises and tread wear. Tires used on nurse tanks are designed for low-speed travel not to exceed 25 mph.
Follow the restricted speed requirements for anhydrous ammonia both on and off the road. Inspect the nurse tank wagon frame before each use. The bolts and nuts that attach the tank to the frame are especially subject to loosening or breaking. Wheel bearings should be checked and repacked annually. Steering systems should be checked regularly and lubricated. The breakaway coupler is designed to prevent an uncontrolled release when a nurse tank releases from the applicator and the nurse tank hose separates.
A spring-loaded valve closes when the coupler separates from the main body to prevent anhydrous ammonia from flowing out of the hose or the applicator.
The breakaway coupler is dated and has a service life of three years. The replacement date is stamped on the coupler. Follow the instructions for your particular breakaway valve if they differ from the instructions listed above. However, never modify the written instructions by changing or eliminating steps. Always use a hitch pin with a safety clip to be sure the nurse tank will not detach from the applicator and the applicator will not detach from the tractor. Use the safety chains when moving equipment on public roads.
The condition of the applicator knives is important for safety reasons as well as quality of the application. Knives in poor condition may result in frequent stops for cleaning and unplugging, increasing exposure to anhydrous ammonia. Plugged knives can trap pressurized ammonia that will be released when the knife is cleared. Sagging low-pressure discharge hoses are a source of exposure to anhydrous ammonia because the anhydrous ammonia in the sag will flow toward the applicator knife and be released when the machine is lifted out of the ground.
All low-pressure tubes on the applicator should be of the same length for a uniform delivery to the knives. Extra hose lengths can be coiled and securely fastened to the frame to reduce sagging.
When unplugging metering screens, close the liquid withdrawal valve on the nurse tank and the hose valve on the applicator, open the bleeder valve on the applicator side of the nurse tank withdrawal valve and turn the applicator to bleed the distribution system.
Leave the system open until the screen is cleaned and replaced. Should a mishap occur while transporting anhydrous ammonia, the spill or leak should be approached from upwind whenever possible. To minimize the gas cloud, water should be sprayed on the point of discharge, not just on the tank.
If emergency help is needed, call toll-free or Stationary storage facilities not used for retail sales or disbursement of anhydrous ammonia are required to have the same safety facilities as commercial stationary storage facilities.
The requirements are based on the storage capacity of the facility, regardless of whether or not retail sales are being conducted. The following five personal protective equipment items are required by the North Dakota Anhydrous Ammonia Law to be readily available at the storage site:. Operators of anhydrous ammonia storage facilities must be trained in safe operating procedures and the training documented by signed forms showing the type of training, the date of training, the persons trained and the person doing the training.
These forms must be on record for at least three years and available for review at the facility during normal business hours.
Agricultural producers can transfer anhydrous ammonia only from cargo tanks to nurse tanks when the following safety requirements are met:. Transport tank truck owners must provide written notice to the board of county commissioners of the intention to transfer anhydrous ammonia from any transport tank to nurse tanks in the particular county.
The North Dakota Legislature adopted the following rules as a pilot project for locking anhydrous ammonia tanks in several North Dakota counties. These rules are included in this publication as recommended practices for anyone working with anhydrous ammonia in agriculture. More information can be obtained by contacting the Anhydrous Ammonia Inspection Office by telephone at or e-mail at insurance nd.
Anhydrous ammonia is a fertilizer commonly used in North Dakota agriculture. The risk of working with it is high because of its strong affinity for water, caustic nature, high pressure and very low temperature created when pressure is released. The caustic nature of anhydrous ammonia causes severe chemical burning injury. The extremely low temperature causes frostbite and frozen tissue. Flushing with water is the best and only first aid treatment for an exposure. Exposure to the eyes and respiratory system presents the greatest challenge in administering first aid.
The victim always should be taken to professional medical help as soon as possible. Continue to flush the exposure while in transport. Many safety features must be built into the anhydrous ammonia handling and application system. Some safety features have service life limitations supported by state laws because these features are not repairable in the field and require trained technicians to service them.
The purpose for these service life limitations is to keep these parts in good working condition and to minimize the risk of failure. Storing anhydrous ammonia in large bulk containers on the farm presents hazards similar to storage at commercial installations. The need for particular safety equipment and procedures is the same, regardless of the location of the facility.
All bulk storage facilities have specific required safety equipment and procedures. Aherin, R. Schultz, American National Standards Institute Inc. Doss, H. North Dakota Century Code, Chapter The Fertilizer Institute, Grisso, R. Morgan and R.
Schnieder, Schutske, J. Schwab, C. Hanna and L. Miller, North Dakota State University is distinctive as a student-focused, land-grant, research university. NDSU Agricultural Affairs educates students with interests in agriculture, food systems and natural resources; fosters communities through partnerships that educate the public; provides creative, cost-effective solutions to current problems; and pursues fundamental and applied research to help shape a better world.
Availability: Web only. Publication Sections. Table of Contents Introduction. Chemistry of Anhydrous Ammonia. Characteristics of Anhydrous Ammonia. Pressure for Storage. Exposure Levels and The Human Body. Caustic Nature. Types of Exposure. Transport to Medical Facility. Uncontrolled Releases. Protective Equipment for Anhydrous Ammonia. Protective Equipment for Bulk Storage Facilities.
Nurse Tank Safety Check. Bleeder Valves. Nurse Tank Hose. Nurse Tank. Nurse Tank Gauges and Valves.
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